HPV Vaccine Series: Your Questions Answered

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is not one virus but a collection of about 40 types that cause infection in the genitals. HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. It's so common that it's less likely not to get HPV than it is to get HPV if you're a sexually active young adult.

Fortunately, the HPV vaccine can reduce your risk of getting HPV. Board-certified pediatrician Sima Stein, MD, of Sima Stein MD in San Jose, California, provides HPV vaccines that offer protection against HPV. She also offers her young patients information and guidance about the vaccine, HPV, and other ways to prevent STIs. 

Here, Dr. Stein answers some of the most common questions she's asked regarding the HPV vaccine. 

Who should get the HPV?

The vaccine is most effective if given to young people before they have sex because once they’re sexually active, there’s a likelihood that they already have HPV. Therefore, it's recommended for adolescents between 9 and 12 and teenagers and young adults between 13 and 26 who have never received it. Most pediatricians give the two-dose vaccine six months apart to their patients at 11 and 12 years old.

Why should I worry about an HPV infection?

Fortunately, your immune system attacks and clears most HPV infections before they can harm your health. However, some forms of HPV can cause itchy, painful genital warts, which are raised lesions that form inside or outside the vagina or on the penis or other areas near the genitals. But, more worrisome is that HPV can turn into cancer. 

How is HPV spread?

HPV is usually spread through sexual intercourse as well as anal and oral sex. However, it's important to note that HPV can be spread by simple, intimate genital-to-genital contact without sex.

How do I know if I have HPV?

Usually, you don't. HPV infection has no symptoms, which is why it's so easily spread. 

How effective is the HPV vaccine? 

Very. According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), the vaccine is up to 99% effective when given before having sex and all recommended shots have been administered. Effective means it protects you against HPV-related genital warts and cancer. 

Are there any risks to the HPV vaccine?

The HPV vaccine is safe and effective. According to ACOG, there have been no reports of severe side effects or bad reactions to the vaccine. Possible minor side effects include redness and soreness at the injection site that subside shortly after the injection.  

To find out more about the HPV vaccine or to schedule an appointment for your child to receive one, call the office of Sima Stein, MD, or request one online.