What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome?

What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome?

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a condition that affects the digestive system. It's not a disease but a group of symptoms, and it doesn't cause permanent damage but can lead to a lot of discomfort. Symptoms often include stomach pain, bloating, and changes in bowel movements. Though IBS can be tricky to manage, it’s something that many kids deal with, and there are ways to help them feel better.

Dr. Sima Stein of Sima Stein, MD, located in San Jose, California, is a board-certified physician who can help your child determine if he or she has IBS and how to help them manage it. Learn more about IBS and the ways Dr. Stein can help you and your child manage their condition.

What is IBS and Common Symptoms?

IBS is not a disease but rather a group of symptoms that affects the digestive system. IBS can look different in each child, but common signs include:

• Abdominal pain or cramping (which might feel better after using the bathroom)
• Bloating (a full, swollen feeling in the belly)
• Diarrhea (watery stools) or constipation (hard stools)
• Or, alternating between both
• Mucus in the stool
• Fatigue or feeling unwell, even if there’s no fever
• Some children might also have headaches or trouble sleeping.

Is IBS Contagious?

IBS is not contagious. It’s not something your child can “catch” from another child or person—it’s an issue with how the gut functions.

How is IBS Diagnosed?

There isn’t a single test that confirms IBS. Rather, doctors rely on the child’s symptoms and medical history. If your child has been having stomach pain and bowel problems for at least three months, it could be IBS. To be sure, the doctor might:

1. Ask about symptoms: What does your child’s tummy ache feel like? When does it happen? Are there patterns with eating or stress?
2. Do a physical exam: Your child’s doctor will likely feel around their belly to check for tenderness or bloating.
3. Run tests to rule out other causes: Blood tests, stool samples, and sometimes imaging (like an ultrasound) can help rule out other problems, like infections or food allergies.

How Can IBS Be Treated?

IBS can’t be "cured" but it can be managed, usually with a combination of dietary changes, medications (if needed), and lifestyle adjustments. Here are some ways to help your child:

1. Dietary Changes:

• Fiber: adding more fiber-rich foods (like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains) can help relieve constipation
• Staying hydrated: drinking plenty of water is key, especially if your child has diarrhea or constipation.
• Low FODMAP diet: FODMAPs are a group of foods that can make IBS worse for some people. These include dairy, certain fruits, and some grains. A dietitian can help you figure out if this diet might work for your child.
• Probiotics: These are “good” bacteria that can help balance the gut. Some kids find relief by taking probiotics.
• Identifying trigger foods: Certain foods—like spicy dishes, fatty foods, or too much dairy—can make IBS worse. Keeping track of what your child eats can help pinpoint what to avoid.

2. Medications:

• For Diarrhea: If your child has IBS with diarrhea, medications like Imodium can help.
• For Constipation: Stool softeners or laxatives may be needed to help ease constipation.
• For Pain Relief: Some children benefit from antispasmodic medications, which help with cramping.
• Antidepressants: It may sound surprising, but sometimes, low-dose antidepressants can help with IBS symptoms. They work on the gut-brain connection, which can ease discomfort.

3. Lifestyle Adjustments:

• Stress Management: Stress is a big trigger for IBS, so helping your child manage stress can make a huge difference. Simple relaxation techniques like deep breathing, yoga, or even a warm bath can help.
• Physical Activity: Exercise is not only good for general health but can also help regulate bowel movements. Encourage your child to be active in a way they enjoy—like playing outside, swimming, or riding a bike.

4. Psychological Support:

• If your child feels anxious about their IBS or if stress is a major trigger, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can be helpful. This type of therapy helps kids deal with the emotional side of IBS and manage stress better.

What’s the Long-Term Outlook for IBS?

IBS is a chronic condition. But the good news is that symptoms can improve or change over time, especially with the right treatments. Many children find that their IBS symptoms become more manageable as they grow older. In the meantime, with the right approach to diet, lifestyle, and stress management, most children with IBS can lead active, normal lives.

When to See a Doctor

If your child is experiencing persistent stomachaches, irregular bowel movements, or other signs of IBS, it’s a good idea to check in with their pediatrician to help rule out other possible causes and create a treatment plan to get your child feeling better. To learn more about IBS management for your child or to schedule an appointment, call the office of Sima Stein, MD, or request an appointment online today.